Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex therapy that requires a robust system to assure its safety and efficacy. Since its inception, PN has been associated with serious issues, ranging from catheter complications, such as thrombosis and infection, to metabolic complications, such as hyperglycemia, refeeding syndrome, and fluid/electrolyte disorders.
Although adverse events (AEs) related to PN rarely are reported, they are likely to be associated with harm when they occur. PN-related mortality has occurred due to contaminated PN admixtures, precipitates of calcium and phosphorus in PN, omission of vitamins from PN (as during the multivitamin shortage in the United States), poorly controlled levels of glucose and electrolytes, and dextrose admixture errors.
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